What periodontal disease is
Periodontal disease is a gum disease that damages the tissues supporting your teeth. Early signs can include bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, gum recession, sensitivity, and swollen or tender gums. Left untreated it can lead to bone loss, loose teeth and eventually tooth loss.
How it is treated
Treatment depends on how advanced the problem is. It almost always starts with removing built-up plaque and tartar, because they carry the bacteria that cause the infection. Lowering the bacterial load can sometimes stop the infection on its own.
Antibiotics may also be used. Topical antibiotics are preferred because they reach high concentrations in the mouth without affecting the rest of the body; severe cases may need systemic antibiotics. When the disease has seriously damaged the gums and bone, surgery may be required.
Keeping it from coming back
Good daily brushing and flossing prevent the bacterial build-up behind gum disease, and professional cleanings twice a year catch early infection before it progresses. Smoking lowers the mouth's immunity, so cutting back or quitting helps too.
After treatment many patients return every three to four months for maintenance cleanings. The Perio Maintenance Plan covers three periodontal cleanings a year for $88 a month or $885 a year.